the.com/dual use
the same beaker that cures plagues can also start one.
means technology or research with legitimate civilian value that can also be repurposed for weapons or harm.
from cold war export-control law coined it to flag goods (like certain chemicals or software) that could cross from lab bench to battlefield with zero redesign.
fertilizer linknitrogen synthesis feeds billions, also fuels explosives.
gain-of-functionvirus research meant to prevent pandemics, could cause one.
export control listsgovernments literally catalog which tech counts.