the.com/industrial expansion
more smokestacks, more stuff, more problems — the growth spurt that reshapes nations and lungs alike.
means the sustained growth of a country's manufacturing and production capacity, usually measured in factories, output, and jobs.
from the term crystallized during the industrial revolution, when steam power and mechanization let production scale beyond what human or animal labor ever could.
19th century britainwent from workshops to world's factory in decades
china 1978-2010fastest industrial expansion in recorded history
dark sideoften precedes worst pollution and labor abuse periods
measured bysteel output, electricity use, factory employment rates