means The branch of medicine that studies and treats disorders of the nervous system — the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

from From Greek neuron, originally meaning 'sinew' or 'cord' before it came to mean 'nerve,' joined with -logia, 'the study of.' The word entered English in the 17th century as anatomists began mapping the body's wiring — fittingly, the very same neuron now names the single nerve cell that does all the arguing.