means the memoir of babur, founder of the mughal empire, written in chagatai turkic as a startlingly candid diary of war, wine, gardens, and homesickness.

from babur began writing it in the early 1500s, tracing his life from a teenage prince booted out of fergana to emperor of hindustan; it stayed a private family text until later mughal emperors, especially akbar, had it translated into persian and lavishly illustrated.