the original long-term study, still peer-reviewed by whether anyone starved that winter.
means the accumulated understanding a community builds from living somewhere for generations, tested by survival rather than published in journals.
from the term entered academic and policy language in the late 20th century, largely through anthropology and development work, as institutions began admitting that centuries of observation without a lab coat still counts as evidence.
polynesian wayfinding — navigators crossed thousands of ocean miles using stars, swells, no instruments
aboriginal fire-stick farming — controlled burns reduced megafires across australia for millennia
inuit sea ice reading — hunters predict ice safety with accuracy satellites still struggle to match
amazonian dark earth — terra preta soils engineered by pre-columbian farmers still outperform modern ones