the.com/legibility

the state's favorite virtue: the world flattened until a bureaucrat can read it from a desk.

means the degree to which a system, place, or population can be observed, measured, and controlled by outsiders.

from coined as a concept by political scientist james c. scott in seeing like a state (1998), who traced it back to prussian foresters replanting forests in straight rows so they could be counted and taxed.

for instance

manhattan grid plan1811 commission flattened new york into numbered blocks for easy taxation

soviet collectivization1930s farms redrawn into uniform units, causing famine that killed millions

vietnamese surnamescolonial officials assigned family names to a naming-optional population

tanzania ujamaa villages1970s forced villagization to make rural populations countable

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