the.com/rainbow tables
a phonebook for passwords, so hackers never have to do the math twice.
means precomputed lists of password-to-hash mappings that let attackers reverse a stolen hash without brute-forcing it from scratch.
from built on cryptographer martin hellman's 1980 time-memory tradeoff, refined and named by philippe oechslin in 2003, who chained hash reductions into colorful table structures to save space.
speed vs storagetrades disk space for near-instant password cracking
killed bysalting, which makes precomputed tables useless
name originchains of colors represent different reduction functions
still works onunsalted or weakly hashed legacy systems