means To rise up against an authority or to feel sudden disgust, depending on whether you're overthrowing a king or merely smelling the milk.

from From the French 'révolter,' itself borrowed from Italian 'rivoltare,' meaning to overturn or roll back — traceable to Latin 'revolvere,' 're-' (back) plus 'volvere' (to roll). The same 'volvere' that gives us 'revolve' and 'revolution': the literal picture is of a wheel turning over, which is exactly what the downtrodden have in mind. The 'feel sick/disgusted' sense came later, a metaphorical turning of the stomach rather than the state.