the.com/volcanoes
the planet's pressure valve, occasionally blowing its top with continental consequences
means Volcanoes are openings in a planet's crust where molten rock, ash, and gases erupt from deep below, often building mountains over time.
from From the Italian and Latin name Vulcanus — Vulcan, the Roman god of fire and the forge. Sailors and scholars looked at the smoking, glowing island of Vulcano off Sicily and imagined the god hammering away at his underground furnace, sparks and smoke escaping through the mountaintop. The name spread to every fire-mountain on Earth, and Vulcan's smithy gave us 'volcano.'
- oxygen source
- early eruptions helped build Earth's first atmosphere
- cold blast
- 1815 Tambora caused a year without summer
- hidden giants
- most volcanoes erupt unseen on the ocean floor
- new land
- Hawaii is built entirely from stacked eruptions
- lightning maker
- ash plumes generate their own volcanic lightning
mount vesuvius — destroyed pompeii in 79 ad, italy
krakatoa — erupted in 1883 in indonesia, heard 3,000 miles away
mount fuji — last erupted in 1707-1708, japan's most famous volcano
kilauea — continuously active since 1983, hawaii