the.com/windfall

luck that falls into your lap because something else couldn't hold on

means An unexpected piece of good fortune, especially a sudden gain of money you didn't earn or plan for.

from Literally fruit or branches blown down from trees by the wind. In old English forests, much standing timber belonged to the crown or the landlord, but wood the wind knocked loose was fair game for ordinary folk to gather — free fuel and lumber that nobody had to fell or pay for. From that gift of weather the word stretched, by the 1500s, to mean any unlooked-for stroke of luck dropping into your hands.

origin
literally fruit knocked from trees by wind
forest law
once the only wood commoners could legally take
economics
a windfall tax grabs unearned corporate luck
psychology
unexpected money gets spent faster than earned money
for instance

apple tax ruling — ireland ordered apple to pay €13 billion in back taxes in 2016, an unexpected financial windfall for the government

north sea oil discovery — uk's unexpected petroleum reserves in the 1970s transformed the economy and government revenues

california gold rush — 1848 discovery of gold in sutter's mill created sudden wealth for thousands of prospectors

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