the.com/institutional bias
prejudice with a org chart, a budget, and plausible deniability.
means systematic favoritism or discrimination baked into an organization's normal rules and routines, not just its people's hearts.
from emerged from 1960s civil rights sociology, notably stokely carmichael and charles hamilton's 'institutional racism' (1967), to explain harm no single racist act could account for.
no villain neededcan run entirely on neutral-sounding policies
self-perpetuatingtrains new members to repeat old patterns
measurableshows up in outcome gaps, not just intent
hard to suepolicies read as fair on paper